European Union
The Working Time Directive sets daily rest of 11 hours, breaks, weekly rest and an average limit of 48 hours per week, including overtime. The standard is health and safety, not just pay.
Directive 2003/88/ECInternational comparisons
International models show that residency work time can be measured as a safety and training quality issue.
Comparisons are not mechanically copied in Romania. They show that hours, rest, reporting and training quality can be formally measured.
In short: Other systems show that hours, rest and training quality can be treated as safety indicators rather than administrative details.
NHS England
Trainees can use exception reporting when actual work differs from schedule: excessive hours, missed breaks, or missed educational opportunities. The Guardian of Safe Working Hours monitors and reports to the board.
NHS EmployersUnited States — ACGME
Accredited residency programs have standards for clinical and educational work hours, including a common limit of 80 hours/week averaged over four weeks and post-call rest rules.
ACGMEOSHA
Psychosocial risks include excessive workload, work intensity, unsocial hours, harassment and lack of support. They must be assessed and controlled like other occupational hazards.
OSHAThe question for Romania is not "do we copy model X?", but "why don't we have comparable public data on hours, rest, training and reporting?"